Which architectural order is oldest, simplest, and most massive, with columns close together and often no base?

• A. Doric Order
• B. Ionic Order
• C. Corinthian Order
• D. Tuscan Order

Answer: (A)

The oldest, simplest, and most massive look in the classical orders is the Doric. It originates earlier in Greek architecture and is built for a sturdy, weighty presence. Doric columns sit directly on the base of the floor (often without any base at all), giving a grounded, solid feel. The capital is very plain, with a simple, cushion-like echinus and a square abacus, and the shafts are thick and robust, typically with flutes that contribute to a heavy, compact silhouette. Because of these proportions and the plain, unadorned look, Doric columns are usually placed relatively close together around a structure.

In contrast, the Ionic and Corinthian orders are lighter and more decorative, with bases and more intricate capitals (volutes in Ionic, acanthus leaves in Corinthian). The Tuscan order is a Roman adaptation of Doric and, while very simple, includes a base, which distinguishes it from the Doric ideal described here.